There are three types of power plants in india hydro electric power plants, thermal power plants. The efficiency of thermal power plant is directly connected to the temperature of the steam. Thermal power plant is also referred as coal thermal power plant and steam turbine power plant. The best app for cbse students now provides sources of energy current class 10 notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of cbse board exams and school based annual examinations. Thermal power plant or steam power plant is a generating station which converts heat energy of fossile fuels into electrical energy. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. The technology for thermal power plant is easily accessible and well establishei. Pulverizing process consists 3 stages classified as. Three main types of highhead power developments may be discerned. Thermal power station has less initial cost as compared to hydroelectric generating station. Thermal power plants are not environment friendly and plants emits toxic pollutants like ash, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. In the 18 th century, the thermal power plant exists with a lot of improvements in the reciprocating steam engine this reciprocating steam engine is used to develop the steam and with the use of an electric generator makes or.
Burning of coal leaves lot of ash behind and causes air pollution. Thermal power plants takes much more time, especially coal power plants take around day, when started from cold condition. Thermal power plants are generally found near coal and oil fields. Solar thermal energy an overview sciencedirect topics. The cost of generation is less as compared to diesel power station. A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. The fuel we use in this thermal power plant is cheaper. The conventional method of power generation and supply to the customer is wasteful in the sense that only about a third of the primary energy fed into the power plant is actually made available to the. What are the advantages and disadvantages of forced draught system novdec 2014. In this unit, we will be discussing the concepts of various power plants, their advantages and disadvantages. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages. What are the advantages of hydroelectric power over.
It is recognised that the necessary overall load gradients can be met by small numbers of plants with relatively fast 3%min ramping rates or a larger number of plants with slower ramping rates. Introduction, back pressure turbine, passout turbine, combined cycle power generation, characteristics of ideal working fluid for vapour power cycle, binary vapour cycle, combined cycle plants. Pulverizing plant in modern thermal power plant, coal is pulverized i. What a plant is generating is the plant utilization factor. Using parabolic mirrors, the power plant captured and concentrated solar energy and used it to heat oil for boiling water. Today we will study the definition, component, layout, working diagram, advantages, disadvantages, application, pdf of the thermal power plant thermal power plant. The book thermal power plants advanced applications introduces analysis of plant performance, energy efficiency, combustion issues, heat transfer, renewable power gen. The purpose of gasturbine power plants is to produce mechanical power from the expansion of hot gas in a turbine. Thermal power plants are a major source of electricity supply in india. Easy avalability of coal lignitepeat is readily available all over the world. List of advantages of geothermal power plant stations. The temperature of the steam is limited at 550 degree centigrade because the turbine material cant. Cogeneration or combined heat and power chp is the use of a heat engine or power station to. Advantages and disadvantages of a thermal power plant advantages.
Pauschinger, in advanced district heating and cooling dhc systems, 2016. Cogeneration a staturory body under ministry of power. This book addresses issues related to both coal fired and steam power plants. Before going into detail of this topic, we will try to understand the line diagram of electric power generation plant. As the name suggests, thermal power plants generate electricity by using heat from a fuel source. Thermal generation therefore helps in utilization of the waste material. General layout and profile of a highhead diversion canal development the main parts of a high.
Highpressure liquid enters the boiler from the feed pump 12 and is heated to the saturation temperature 2. Spm from coal power plants are mainly soot, smoke and fine dust particles and these cause asthma and respiratory illness. This is called a thermal power plant because the heat energy obtained from burning fossil fuels is used to generate electricity. For a subcritical plant it is below 42% for a new plant. Coal thermal power plant provide the cheapest electricity in all over the world. In a coal power plant, water is used for washing coal, circulating in the boiler furnace to produce steam and cooling of equipment. It reduces the temperature of the exhaust steam and this allows to obtain more work. The important fuels used in the power plants like, coal, diesel, steam, uranium, etc. Solar thermal power plant solar energy, disadvantages of solar energy, solar radiation. Initial cost of gas power plant is lowest as compare to hydel, nuclear or thermal power plant. Solar thermal energy has good prospects for gaining shares and relevance in the dh sectors of the various countries. Burning of fossil fuels produces steam to run turbines.
Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. Power plant engineering notes pdf ppe notes pdf details unit4. In these notes we will focus on stationary plants for electric power generation, however, gas turbines are also used as jet engines in aircraft propulsion. Thermal power plants are main source of power generation in all over word due to easy availability of coal and gas which are used for heat generation. The waste heat can be used for the various industrial process. Main types of high head power plant developments power plants operating under a head higher than 50 m may be termed as highhead power plants. For a supercritical power plant the best thermal efficiency may be around 4547%. Thermal power generation plant or thermal power station.
Sahara desert is sufficient in order to meet the worlds electricity requirements with solar thermal power plants. Most of the conventional energy losses optimization method are iterative in nature and require the interpretation of the designer at each iteration. Thermal power generation plant or thermal power station is the most conventional source of electric power. Energy analysis of thermal power plant raviprakash kurkiya, sharad chaudhary abstract energy analysis helps designers to find ways to improve the performance of a system in a many way. They are relatively environmentfriendly unlike coalpowered plants, geothermal power plant stations use a renewable heat source that has a steady supply. Read this article to learn about the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power. Check out the lists below to learn about their advantages and disadvantages. A power plant is basically an industrial location that is utilized for the generation and distribution of power. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a electric generator which produces electricity. Further addition of energy causes evaporation of the liquid until. Thermal power plants are not suitable for supplying fluctuating loads because any change in load demand. Due to high vacuum increases thermal efficiency and output of plant condensate can be reused as boiler feed water auxiliary power requirement is less less amount of air is carried to the boiler any kind of feed water can be used can develop high vacuum, so suitable for. Power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power plant cycles.
Its key advantages of a high, and relatively, unlimited availability in almost all places worldwide and steadily improving economics, will make solar thermal energy a valid option. There are some advantages and disadvantages of thermal power plant. The heat usually generates steam in a boiler which is then used to run a steam turbine connected to a generator. These smokes cause air pollution and water pollution and also cause acid rain. One of the advantages of the thermal power plant is cogeneration. The cost of unit decreases with the increase in unit capacity 2. It reduces the back pressure of the steam and as a result of this, more work can be done. The energy efficiency of a conventional thermal power station is defined as saleable energy produced as a percent of the heating value of the fuel consumed. The pollution caused by thermal power plant is in large scale due to the burning of fossil fuels. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. It allows the reuse of condensate for the feed water and hence reduces the cost of power generation. Share these notes with your friends prev next you can check our 5step learning process. Steamcturbine power plant which is sometime known as coal based power plant or thermal power plant, is a major source of electrical energy for any country. Advantages and disadvantages of thermal power plants answers.
India is a land of beautiful dams and power plants. Binary cycle power plants 21 approximately 15% of all geothermal power plants utilize binary conversion technology. Thermal power plant creates pollution due to large amount of smoke and fumes because of coal combustion. The dust from coalcleaned water contaminates groundwater. Power generation increasing decreasing rates ramp rates are instantaneous for hydropower plant. Instead, most power plants prefer continuous removal systems like a submerged scraper conveyor ssc, which will be discussed in more detail later. Today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages. A solar thermal power plant was already constructed close to cairo at the beginning of the 20th century. The boiler creates low temperature steam which is not so economical for any power plant. The installation cost is low as compared to other power generation like hydropower plant. They form the backbone of grid as they provide stable output and are more reliable than renewable sources that tend to fluctuate.
A simple cycle gas turbine achieves energy conversion efficiencies from 20 to 35%. The levelised cost of electricity lcoe of a geothermal power plant ranges from usd 0. Initial startup or start up after the temperature of critical equipment has reduced substantially. A power plant which uses heat energy to generate electricity. Samawa combined cycle gas turbine power plant project esia report on on e prepared by checked by approved by t a. Seminar on nuclear power plant report pdf download abstract. Power plant engineering notes pdf ppe notes pdf notes. Generally bituminous,brown or peat type coal are used as the fuel of coal basesd thermal power plant in a thermal power palnt, coal is burnt in a big boiler which produces steam at high pressure and temperature. Thermal efficiency of a thermal power plant is the ratio of electrical energy generated to the chemical energy of fuel consumed.
This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. What are the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power. Binary cycle type plants depending on the temperature of the primary fluid, usually have efficiency between 7and 12%,andtypicallyvaryin sizefrom 500kw to 10mw. Notes of ch 14 sources of energy class 10th science. Life of the plant is more 2530 years as compared to diesel plant 25 years 6 3. Ash handling options for coalfired power plants power.
Thermal stations can be private industrial plants and central station. It also produces acidic gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Global warming increases because it pollutes the atmosphere due to the production of a huge amount of smoke. Repair and maintenance cost is low when compared with diesel plant. Less initial cost as compared to other generating stations. The rankine cycle is the fundamental operating cycle of all power plants where an operating fluid is continuously evaporated and condensed. Set up power plants near the coal and oil fields to minimize the cost of transportation and production. The raw materials used to produce thermal power are fund or exhaustible resource. Advantages and disadvantages of thermal power plant.